Characterization of the complex ion dynamics in lithium silicate glasses via computer simulations

We present results of molecular dynamics simulations on lithium metasilicate over a broad range of temperatures for which the silicate network is frozen in but the lithium ions can still be equilibrated. The lithium dynamics is studied via the analysis of different correlation functions. The activation energy for the lithium mobility agrees very well with experimental data. The correlation of the dynamics of adjacent ions is weak. At low temperatures the dynamics can be separated into local vibrational dynamics and hopping events between adjacent lithium sites. The derivative of the mean square displacement displays several characteristic time regimes. They can be directly mapped onto respective frequency regimes for the conductivity. In particular it is possible to identify time regimes dominated by localized dynamics and long-range dynamics, respectively. The question of time-temperature superposition is discussed for the mean square displacement and the incoherent scattering function.Comment: to be published in Phys. Chem. Chem. Phy

Imperial Agendas, Global Solidarities, and Third World Socio-Legal Studies: Methodological Reflections

This article interrogates the methodological lenses through which law in the Third World is commonly analyzed in socio-legal studies. Third World socio-legal studies, this article argues, is a field in search of philosophical foundations. It continues to rely on conceptual categories and analytical frameworks developed through the intellectual, cultural, and social histories of Western capitalist societies, which it extends uncritically to different intersubjective orders in Third World contexts. The article examines the common grounds shared by two apparently competing discourses about law in the Third World, which I label imperial agendas and global solidarities. It is difficult to speak about the Third World without becoming mired in conceptual contradictions. One reason for the methodological problems in Third World socio-legal studies is that social philosophy, and liberal philosophy in particular, undermines the concept of society. This article begins by examining the meaning of society in social philosophy. It then interrogates three dichotomous sets of analytical frameworks that are often invoked in Third World socio-legal studies: (a] comparative law versus Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAILI; (b) economic or modern law versus cultural or traditional law; and (c) state centralism versus legal pluralism. The article argues for a differentiated understanding of society at the ontological, structural, and empirical levels, which should help transcend binary approaches and facilitate theoretical reflections about the Third World without subsuming its specificities. The article concludes by arguing for a sustained research program to put Third World Socio-legal Studies on firm methodological foundations

Imperial Agendas, Global Solidarities, and Third World Socio-Legal Studies: Methodological Reflections

This article interrogates the methodological lenses through which law in the Third World is commonly analyzed in socio-legal studies. Third World socio-legal studies, this article argues, is a field in search of philosophical foundations. It continues to rely on conceptual categories and analytical frameworks developed through the intellectual, cultural, and social histories of Western capitalist societies, which it extends uncritically to different intersubjective orders in Third World contexts. The article examines the common grounds shared by two apparently competing discourses about law in the Third World, which I label imperial agendas and global solidarities. It is difficult to speak about the Third World without becoming mired in conceptual contradictions. One reason for the methodological problems in Third World socio-legal studies is that social philosophy, and liberal philosophy in particular, undermines the concept of society. This article begins by examining the meaning of society in social philosophy. It then interrogates three dichotomous sets of analytical frameworks that are often invoked in Third World socio-legal studies: (a] comparative law versus Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAILI; (b) economic or modern law versus cultural or traditional law; and (c) state centralism versus legal pluralism. The article argues for a differentiated understanding of society at the ontological, structural, and empirical levels, which should help transcend binary approaches and facilitate theoretical reflections about the Third World without subsuming its specificities. The article concludes by arguing for a sustained research program to put Third World Socio-legal Studies on firm methodological foundations

Commutative Medial Near Ring

We deliberate a substructure of a near ring called mediality so as to create a new platform, on which many of the properties like commutativity, regular, idempotent and zero symmetric are applied with. It is shown that every medial near ring is commutative whenever cancellation law holds. Commutative medial near ring is left medial, right medial, reverse, reverse medial, reverse left medial and reverse right medial. It is proved that a non-trivial left medial regular near ring is reduced. Also, a structure theorem has been obtained

A REVIEW: LOVASTATIN PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS

Cholesterol is an organic compound, which is produced in humans by a complex metabolism. It acts as a precursor for the synthesis of many steroids, vitamin D and also helps in membrane transport. Increase of cholesterol in humans, leads to Cardio Vascular Disorders and finally death. This can be reduced by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase, which is an important precursor in formation of mevolanate from Acetyl CoA. Inhibition is done by statin drug, which is produced by many fungi through polyketide pathway. Many fungus produce lovastatin, while other statins like rosuvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin are synthesized from lovastatin and mevastatin. Other than reduction of cholesterol, lovastatin is shown to provide various medicinal properties like anti-cancer, bone maturation, multiple sclerosis. In this review, a detailed note on various organisms employed for the production of lovastatin and different fermentation techniques for the same was studied. This review also helps in understating the inhibition of HMG-CoA reducatse and various medicinal properties of lovastatin. Keywords: Lovastatin, Fungus, Submerged fermentation, Solid state fermentation, HMG-CoA reducatse

A STUDY ON INDIA’S BILATERAL TRADE WITH JAPAN

Purpose of the study: India and Japan share strong cultural and economic ties. The economic relationship between the two Asian giants strengthened with the signing of the CECA agreement during the year 2011. The current research would focus on assessing the bilateral trade relations between both the countries and attempts to identify the commodity trade potential to enhance the future trade between them. Methodology: The study is based on secondary sources of data collected through the United Nations Conference for Trade and Development, WTO, IMF, RBI, and the Japanese Trade Databases. The annual data for the period 2005 to the year 2016 has been used to analyse the Intensity Indices and the Gravity Coefficient values between India and Japan. Similarly, the annual data from the year 2008 to 2015 is used to calculate the RCA and RID index values and finally, the average RCA and RID (2008-2016) are used for analysis to identify the commodity trade potential between both the countries. Main Findings: The study concludes that the trade share of Japan in India’s overall trade has been falling significantly over the years which could be seen through the declining Export Intensity and Import Intensity Indices of India with Japan. However, the overall analysis presents that 28 commodities were feasible for trade between India and Japan from the 56 commodities computed for the study which exhibits a strong potential for enhancing future bilateral trade relations between both the countries. Applications of this study: India had made a strategic move with its Look East Policy during the year 1991 to accelerate its trade relations with the East Asian countries and later with its success the same was transformed into Act East Policy during the year 2014. The current study would prove to be useful in shaping the policy changes in this direction. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study focuses on the bilateral trade relations between the two important Asian giants, India, and Japan during the post comprehensive economic cooperation agreement between the two. Further, the study identifies the areas of commodity trade potential which paves the direction for new trade between the countries to tap the untapped trade potential. &nbsp

The Role of Earthworms in Tropics with Emphasis on Indian Ecosystems

The paper highlights the research carried out by different scientists in India on aspects of earthworm population dynamics and species diversity, associated with other soil fauna and microflora. It also deals with the importance of earthworm activity on physicochemical properties of soil with reference to India and other tropical countries. Stress is laid on the earthworm plant association and importance of the secretions of earthworms as plant growth stimulators. Moreover, the earthworm species reported and being utilized for vermicomposting in India are discussed, since vermicomposting is the ultimate technology which renders for the improvement of soil fertility status and plant growth. Earthworms serve as indicators of soil status such as the level of contamination of pollutants: agrochemicals, heavy metals, toxic substances, and industrial effluents; human-induced activities: land-management practices and forest degradation. In all these fields there is lacuna with respect to contributions from India when compared to the available information from other tropical countries. There is lot of scope in the field of research on earthworms to unravel the importance of these major soil macrofauna from holistic ecological studies to the molecular level